The image below shows a large and complex group with numerous sunspots.
Lighter part around the dark part (penumbra). Sunspots form where magnetic field lines come up from the Sun’s interior trough the solar surface meaning that every sunspot has it’s own polarity. Around solar minimum, only very few or even no sunspots can be found. Solar maximum or solar max is the period of greatest solar activity in the solar cycle of the Sun, where one solar cycle lasts about 11 years. Sunspots are a common sight on our Sun during the years around solar maximum. As a matter of fact, if we could take a sunspot out of the Sun and place it into our night sky it would only be as bright as the full moon, a very big contrast with the bright Sun itself. This sounds like much but if we compare this with the temperature of the photosphere of the Sun which is about 5500☌, then you see that there is a considerable difference. A big sunspot can have a temperature of 3700☌. These sunspots which can become many times bigger than the Earth are always dark because they are much cooler than the surrounding surface of the Sun itself. Sunspots form on the surface of the Sun due to strong magnetic field lines coming up from within the Sun trough the solar surface and appear visibly as dark spots compared to their surroundings.
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